Article 20
A State within which different territorial units have their own systems of law or their own rules of law in respect of contracts of sale is not bound to apply the Convention to conflicts between the laws in force in such units.
Article 21
(1) Any State may, at the time of signature, ratification, acceptance, approval or accession make any of the following reservations -
a) that it will not apply the Convention in the cases covered by sub-paragraph b) of Article 1;
b) that it will not apply paragraph 3 of Article 8, except where neither party to the contract has his place of business in a State which has made a reservation provided for under this sub-paragraph;
c) that, for cases where its legislation requires contracts of sale to be concluded in or evidenced by writing, it will not apply the Convention to the formal validity of the contract, where any party has his place of business in its territory at the time of conclusion of the contract;
d) that it will not apply sub-paragraph g) of Article 12 in so far as that sub-paragraph relates to prescription and limitation of actions.
(2) No other reservation shall be permitted.
(3) Any Contracting State may at any time withdraw a reservation which it has made; the reservation shall cease to have effect on the first day of the month following the expiration of three months after notification of the withdrawal.
Article 22
(1) This Convention does not prevail over any convention or other international agreement which has been or may be entered into and which contains provisions determining the law applicable to contracts of sale, provided that such instrument applies only if the seller and buyer have their places of business in States Parties to that instrument.
(2) This Convention does not prevail over any international convention to which a Contracting State is, or becomes, a Party, regulating the choice of law in regard to any particular category of contracts of sale within the scope of this Convention.
Article 23
This Convention does not prejudice the application -
a) of the United Nations Convention on contracts for the international sale of goods (Vienna, 11 April 1980);
b) of the Convention on the limitation period in the international sale of goods (New York, 14 June 1974), or the Protocol amending that Convention (Vienna, 11 April 1980).
Article 24
The Convention applies in a Contracting State to contracts of sale concluded after its entry into force for that State.
CHAPTER IV. FINAL CLAUSES
Article 25
(1) The Convention is open for signature by all States.
(2) The Convention is subject to ratification, acceptance or approval by the signatory States.
(3) The Convention is open for accession by all States which are not signatory States as from the date it is open for signature.
(4) Instruments of ratification, acceptance, approval and accession shall be deposited with the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Kingdom of the Netherlands, depositary of the Convention.
Article 26
(1) If a State has two or more territorial units in which different systems of law are applicable in relation to matters dealt with in this Convention, it may at the time of signature, ratification, acceptance, approval or accession declare that this Convention shall extend to all its territorial units or only to one or more of them and may modify this declaration by submitting another declaration at any time.
(2) Any such declaration shall be notified to the depositary and shall state expressly the territorial units to which the Convention applies.
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