person to whom or to whose order payment is to be made;
7. A statement of the date and of the place where the bill is issued;
8. The signature of the person who issues the bill (drawer).
Article 2
An instrument in which any of the requirements mentioned in the preceding article is wanting is invalid as a bill of exchange, except in the cases specified in the following paragraphs:
A bill of exchange in which the time of payment is not specified is deemed to be payable at sight.
In default of special mention, the place specified beside the name of the drawee is deemed to be the place of payment, and at the same time the place of the domicile of the drawee.
A bill of exchange which does not mention the place of its issue is deemed to have been drawn in the place mentioned beside the name of the drawer.
Article 3
A bill of exchange may be drawn payable to drawer's order.
It may be drawn on the drawer himself.
It may be drawn for account of a third person.
Article 4
A bill of exchange may be payable at the domicile of a third person either in the locality where the drawee has his domicile or in another locality.
Article 5
When a bill of exchange is payable at sight, or at a fixed period after sight, the drawer may stipulate that the sum payable shall bear interest. In the case of any other bill of exchange, this stipulation is deemed not to be written (non ecrite).
The rate of interest must be specified in the bill; in default of such specification, the stipulation shall be deemed not to be written (non ecrite).
Interest runs from the date of the bill of exchange, unless some other date is specified.
Article 6
When the sum payable by a bill of exchange is expressed in words and also in figures, and there is a discrepancy between the two, the sum denoted by the words is the amount payable.
Where the sum payable by a bill of exchange is expressed more than once in words or more than once in figures, and there is a discrepancy, the smaller sum is the sum payable.
Article 7
If a bill of exchange bears signatures of persons incapable of binding themselves by a bill of exchange, or forged signatures, or signatures of fictitious persons, or signatures which for any other reason cannot bind the persons who signed the bill of exchange or on whose behalf it was signed, the obligations of the other persons who signed it are none the less valid.
Article 8
Whosoever puts his signature on a bill of exchange as representing a person for whom he had no power to act is bound himself as a party to the bill and, if he pays, has the same rights as the person for whom he purported to act. The same rule applies to a representative who has exceeded his powers.
Article 9
The drawer guarantees both acceptance and payment.
He may release himself from guaranteeing acceptance; every stipulation by which he releases himself from the guarantee of payment is deemed not to be written (non ecrite).
Article 10
If a bill of exchange, which was incomplete when issued, has been completed otherwise than in accordance with the agreements entered into, the non-observance of such agreements may not be set up against the holder unless he has acquired the bill of exchange in bad faith or, in acquiring it, has been guilty of gross negligence.
Chapter II
ENDORSEMENT
Article 11
Every bill of exchange, even if not expressly drawn to order, may be transferred by means of endorsement.
When the drawer has inse
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