да боевые припасы, даже если они принадлежат частным лицам, также могут быть захвачены, но подлежат возврату с возмещением убытков по заключении мира.
Статья 54
Подводные кабели, соединяющие занятую территорию с территорией нейтральной, захватываются или уничтожаются лишь в случаях крайней необходимости. Они должны быть равным образом возвращены, а возмещение убытков производится по заключении мира.
Статья 55
Государства, занявшее область, должно признавать за собою лишь права управления и пользовладения по отношению к находящимся в ней и принадлежащим неприятельскому государству общественным зданиям, недвижимостям, лесам и сельскохозяйственным угодьям. Оно обязано сохранять основную ценность этих видов собственности и управлять ими согласно правилам пользовладения.
Статья 56
Собственность общин, учреждений церковных, благотворительных и образовательных, художественных и научных, хотя бы принадлежащих государству, приравнивается к частной собственности.
Всякий преднамеренный захват, истребление или повреждение подобных учреждений, исторических памятников, произведений художественных и научных воспрещаются и должны подлежать преследованию.
CONVENTION (IV)
RESPECTING THE LAWS AND CUSTOMS OF WAR ON LAND
(Hague, 18.X.1907)
(List of Contracting Parties)
Seeing that while seeking means to preserve peace and prevent armed conflicts between nations, it is likewise necessary to bear in mind the case where the appeal to arms has been brought about by events which their care was unable to avert;
Animated by the desire to serve, even in this extreme case, the interests of humanity and the ever progressive needs of civilization;
Thinking it important, with this object, to revise the general laws and customs of war, either with a view to defining them with greater precision or to confining them within such limits as would mitigate their severity as far as possible;
Have deemed it necessary to complete and explain in certain particulars the work of the First Peace Conference, which, following on the Brussels Conference of 1874, and inspired by the ideas dictated by a wise and generous forethought, adopted provisions intended to define land govern the usages of war on land.
According to the views of the High Contracting Parties, these provisions, the wording of which has been inspired by the desire to diminish the evils of war, as far as military requirements permit, are intended to serve as a general rule of conduct for the belligerents in their mutual relations and in their relations with the inhabitants.
It has not, however, been found possible at present to concert regulations covering all the circumstances which arise in practice;
On the other hand, the High Contracting Parties clearly do not intend that unforeseen cases should, in the absence of a written undertaking, be left to the arbitrary judgment of military commanders.
Until a more complete code of the laws of war has been issued, the High Contracting Parties deem it expedient to declare that, in cases not included in the Regulations adopted by them, the inhabitants and the belligerents remain under the protection and the rule of the principles of the law of nations, as they result from the usages established among civilized peoples, from the laws of humanity, and the dictates of the public conscience.
They declare that it is in this sense especially that Articles 1 and 2 of the Regulations adopted must be understood.
The High Contracting Parties, wishing to conclude a fresh Convention to this effect, have appointed the
following as their Plenipotentiaries:
(Here follow the names o
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