hedule, his illness or the authorities' failure to transport the defendants to the court house.
12. On 18 July 2001 the Moscow City Court found the applicant guilty as charged and sentenced him to eleven years' imprisonment.
13. From 20 July 2001 until 15 October 2002 the defendants studied six volumes of the minutes of the court hearings.
14. On 10 September 2003 the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation heard the case on appeal. The court upheld the applicant's conviction in substance and reduced his sentence to ten years' imprisonment.
B. Conditions of the applicant's pre-trial detention
1. Lefortovo remand prison
15. From 26 November 1997 to 17 August 2001 the applicant was detained in Lefortovo remand prison. He was held in a cell measuring 8 sq. m and had to share it with one or two other inmates. There was no hot water or shower facility in the cell. A partition separating the toilet from the living area of the cell was installed only in 1999.
2. Remand prison No. 77/3
16. On 17 August 2001 the applicant was transferred to remand prison No. IZ-77/3 where he was detained until October 2003.
(a) Description provided by the applicant
17. According to the applicant, the cell where he was detained measured 33 square metres and was equipped with twenty-four bunk beds. The minimum number of inmates detained with the applicant at any one time was twenty-three. In August 2001 the cell housed forty inmates; that number had increased to forty-seven by the end of the year. The inmates took turns to sleep due to the lack of beds. By the beginning of 2003 twenty-three inmates were kept in the cell. The cell did not have any ventilation. It was stiflingly hot in the summer and very cold in the winter. Most of the inmates smoked and the applicant, a non-smoker, was exposed the tobacco smoke of others. The cell was infested with cockroaches and lice. Disinfection of the cell was performed once every three months and was to no avail. The television and the light were constantly on. Window panes were installed only in late 2002. The toilet was elevated from the floor by 0.5 metres. It was separated from the living area of the cell by a partition measuring one metre in height. The person using the toilet could be seen by both the inmates and the guards watching the inmates through the peep-hole in the door. The dinner table was some four metres away from the toilet. On several occasions HIV-infected inmates were placed in the cell. The applicant was allowed to take a 20-minute shower once a week. On one occasion between December 2001 and January 2002 the applicant did not have the opportunity to take a shower for three weeks. He was allowed to be outside for approximately one hour per day. The meals were of poor quality.
(b) Description provided by the Government
18. According to the Government, at all times the applicant was afforded at least 4 sq. m of living space. In particular, the Government provided the following data concerning the cell measurements:
Cell number Cell surface area
404 19.2 sq. m
410 32.4 sq. m
406 32.4 sq. m
407 32.4 sq. m
507 32.7 sq. m
519 32.7 sq. m
19. Each cell had a window measuring 0.89 by 0.94 metres. The windows were equipped with vents which could be kept open to let additional fresh air in. The ventilation system functioned properly. Upon arrival at the remand prison, the applicant was provided with two bed sheets, a mattress, a blanket, a pillow, a pillow case, a towel, and cutlery. Each cell had a water heater and a potable water tank. The remand prison was equipped with a
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