isappeared person. For more than seven years they have not had any news of Abdul-Malik Shakhmurzayev. During this period the first applicant, on behalf of the other applicants, has applied to various official bodies with enquiries about their family member, both in writing and in person. Despite her attempts, she has never received any plausible explanation or information as to what became of her husband following his kidnapping. The responses received by her mostly denied that the State was responsible for his arrest or simply informed her that an investigation was ongoing. The Court's findings under the procedural aspect of Article 2 are also of direct relevance here.
97. In view of the above, the Court finds that the applicants suffered distress and anguish as a result of the disappearance of their family member and their inability to find out what happened to him. The manner in which their complaints have been dealt with by the authorities must be considered to constitute inhuman treatment contrary to Article 3.
98. The Court therefore concludes that there has been a violation of Article 3 of the Convention in respect of the applicants.
V. Alleged violation of Article 5 of the Convention
99. The applicants further stated that Abdul-Malik Shakhmurzayev had been detained in violation of the guarantees of Article 5 of the Convention, which reads, in so far as relevant:
"1. Everyone has the right to liberty and security of person. No one shall be deprived of his liberty save in the following cases and in accordance with a procedure prescribed by law:...
(c) the lawful arrest or detention of a person effected for the purpose of bringing him before the competent legal authority on reasonable suspicion of having committed an offence or when it is reasonably considered necessary to prevent his committing an offence or fleeing after having done so;
...
2. Everyone who is arrested shall be informed promptly, in a language which he understands, of the reasons for his arrest and of any charge against him.
3. Everyone arrested or detained in accordance with the provisions of paragraph 1 (c) of this Article shall be brought promptly before a judge or other officer authorised by law to exercise judicial power and shall be entitled to trial within a reasonable time or to release pending trial. Release may be conditioned by guarantees to appear for trial.
4. Everyone who is deprived of his liberty by arrest or detention shall be entitled to take proceedings by which the lawfulness of his detention shall be decided speedily by a court and his release ordered if the detention is not lawful.
5. Everyone who has been the victim of arrest or detention in contravention of the provisions of this Article shall have an enforceable right to compensation."
A. The parties' submissions
100. In the Government's opinion, no evidence was obtained by the investigators to confirm that Abdul-Malik Shakhmurzayev was deprived of his liberty in breach of the guarantees set out in Article 5 of the Convention.
101. The applicants reiterated their complaint.
B. The Court's assessment
1. Admissibility
102. The Court notes that this complaint is not manifestly ill-founded within the meaning of Article 35 § 3 of the Convention. It further notes that the complaint is not inadmissible on any other grounds and must therefore be declared admissible.
2. Merits
103. The Court has previously noted the fundamental importance of the guarantees contained in Article 5 to secure the right of individuals in a democracy to be free from arbitrary detention. It has also stated that unacknowledged detention is a complete negation of these guarantees and discloses a very grave viol
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