the requisite standard of proof that the two men were detained by representatives of the State. Therefore, no violation of Article 5 can be found in respect of them.
VI. Alleged violation of Article 13 of the Convention
191. The applicants complained that they had been deprived of effective remedies in respect of the aforementioned violations, contrary to Article 13 of the Convention, which provides:
"Everyone whose rights and freedoms as set forth in [the] Convention are violated shall have an effective remedy before a national authority notwithstanding that the violation has been committed by persons acting in an official capacity."
192. The Government contended that the applicants had had effective remedies at their disposal as required by Article 13 of the Convention and that the authorities had not prevented them from using them. They referred to Article 125 of the Code of Criminal Procedure, which allowed participants in criminal proceedings to complain to a court about measures taken during an investigation. This was an effective remedy to ensure the observation of their rights. They had also not claimed damages in civil proceedings.
193. The Court reiterates that in circumstances where, as here, the criminal investigation into the violent deaths was ineffective and the effectiveness of any other remedy that may have existed, including civil remedies, was consequently undermined, the State has failed in its obligation under Article 13 of the Convention (see Khashiyev and Akayeva, cited above, § 183).
194. Consequently, there has been a violation of Article 13 in conjunction with Article 2 of the Convention.
VII. Application of Article 41 of the Convention
195. Article 41 of the Convention provides:
"If the Court finds that there has been a violation of the Convention or the Protocols thereto, and if the internal law of the High Contracting Party concerned allows only partial reparation to be made, the Court shall, if necessary, afford just satisfaction to the injured party."
A. Pecuniary damage
196. The applicants claimed damages in respect of the lost wages of their relatives following their arrests and subsequent deaths. They claimed that their relatives had been unemployed at the time of their arrest, or that they were unable to obtain salary statements for them, and that in such cases the calculation should be made on the basis of the subsistence level established by national law. They calculated their earnings for the period, taking into account an average 10% inflation rate. Their calculations were also based on the actuarial tables for use in personal injury and fatal accident cases published by the United Kingdom Government Actuary's Department in 2004 ("Ogden tables").
197. The second applicant claimed a total of 429,354 Russian roubles (RUB) under this heading (12,084 euros (EUR)). She claimed that she could have counted on 20% of her husband's earnings for herself and 10% for each of their four children until they reached the age of majority.
198. The third applicant, who retired in 1977, submitted that she could have counted on 10% of her son's earnings. She claimed a total of RUB 51,590 (EUR 1,448).
199. The fourth applicant, who is the sister of Ismail Umarov, submitted that she was taking care of his three minor children and that she could have counted on 10% of his earnings for each of the children until they reached the age of majority. She claimed a total of RUB 234,510 (EUR 6,583).
200. The fifth applicant, the widow of Umalat Abayev, claimed a total of RUB 679,497 (EUR 19,074). She submitted that she could have counted on 30% of her husband's earnings for herself and on 20% for their daughter until the age of 18.
201. The sixth applicant, who is the widow of
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