but once he bent forward on the chair, he received a series of truncheon blows to his chest and back. The applicant fell on the floor. The policemen continued hitting and kicking him on the back and legs. They forced the applicant to confess to the use of counterfeit currency.
11. The Government submitted that after the applicant had been taken to the police station, an investigator of the Lipetsk Town Police Department, Ms Z., had questioned him. The applicant confessed that he had been involved in the distribution of the counterfeit bills. In particular, he stated that he had bought three counterfeit hundred-dollar notes from an unidentified man and had asked his friend, Mr Ma., to exchange those notes for Russian roubles. Mr Ma. had told him that the notes were counterfeit and had refused to take them. On 7 August 2001 the applicant had bought sugar from Ms D. and had paid with one of those notes. The Government enclosed a copy of the applicant's confession and the record of his questioning. At the bottom of his confession statement the applicant noted as follows:
"The confession statement is handwritten by me; no moral or physical pressure [was] applied".
The Government noted that the applicant had been advised of his right to the services of counsel prior to the entry of his guilty plea. However, he had expressly waived that right, making a handwritten entry to that effect in the interrogation record.
12. On 8 August 2001 the applicant was placed in the temporary detention facility of the Oktyabrskiy District police station. According to the Government, on his admission to the facility the applicant signed an entry in a registration log that he had "a slash wound on his left forearm and a bruise on the left side of the body which he had inflicted on himself on 8 August 2001 in the Oktyabrskiy District police station" and that he had no complaints about the state of his health. The Government submitted an extract from the registration log copied by hand by a warder and certified by the head of the detention facility. According to the extract, submitted by the Government, on the same day the applicant was also examined by a prison otolaryngologist, who did not establish any signs of an ear trauma.
13. On 9 August 2001 the applicant was brought to the Oktyabrskiy District Prosecutor who authorised his placement in custody due to the gravity of the charges against him. The applicant complained to the prosecutor that the police officers had severely beaten him up after his arrest. On the same day, upon a prosecutor's request, the police investigator, Ms Z., ordered a medical expert examination of the applicant. The relevant part of the investigator's decision read as follows:
"On 9 August 2001, when [the applicant] was brought to the Lipetsk Town Prosecutor for an authorisation of his placement in custody, [he] complained that he had been beaten up by police officers. The police officers, who had arrested [the applicant], stated that during the arrest [the applicant] had lost consciousness twice."
The investigator put several questions to an expert concerning possible injuries on the applicant's body, their severity and nature.
14. Several hours later, at approximately 6.00 p.m., the medical expert examined the applicant. The relevant part of his report, issued on 13 August 2001, read as follows:
"2.1 When examined: [there is] a bruise of a crimson and bluish colour in the projection of the 9-11 ribs on the left side, along the scapular line; [it is] moderately saturated, has a shape of a stripe [and] measures 4 centimetres in width and 7.5 centimetres in length. In the projection of the right edge of the right shoulder-blade [and] on the right side of the parietal region of the head [there are] abrasions having an elongated form, [which are] covered with dry and somewhat raising crusts and [which] measure 0.3 centimet
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