hich world be excessive in relation to the concrete and direct military advantage anticipated from the attack as a whole; an attack shall be cancelled or suspended as soon as it becomes apparent that the collateral casualties or damage would be excessive.
Section VI of this Part provides additional precautions regarding civil aircraft.
Section III
ENEMY VESSELS AND AIRCRAFT EXEMPT FROM ATTACK
Classes of vessels exempt from attack
47. The following classes of enemy vessels are exempt from attack:
a) hospital ships;
b) small craft used for coastal rescue operations and other medical transports;
c) vessels granted safe conduct by agreement between the belligerent parties including:
i) cartel vessels, e.g., vessels designated for and
engaged in the transport of prisoners of war;
ii) vessels engaged in humanitarian missions, including
vessels carrying supplies indispensable to the survival of the
civilian population, and vessels engaged in relief actions and
rescue operations;
d) vessels engaged in transporting cultural property under special protection;
e) passenger vessels when engaged only in carrying civilian passengers;
f) vessels charged with religious, non-military scientific or philanthropic missions, vessels collecting scientific data of likely military applications are not protected;
g) small coastal fishing vessels and small boats engaged in local coastal trade, but they are subject to the regulations of a belligerent naval commander operating in the area and to inspection;
h) vessels designated or adapted exclusively for responding to pollution incidents in the marine environment;
i) vessels which have surrendered;
j) life rafts and life boats.
Conditions of exemption
48. Vessels listed in paragraph 47 are exempt from attack only if they:
a) are innocently employed in their normal role;
b) submit to identification and inspection when required; and
c) do not intentionally hamper the movement of combatants and obey orders to stop or move out of the way when required.
Loss of exemption
Hospital ships
49. The exemption from attack of a hospital ship may cease only by reason of a breach of a condition of exemption in paragraph 48 and, in such a case, only after due warning has been given naming in all appropriate cases a reasonable time limit to discharge itself of the cause endangering its exemption, and after such warning has remained unheeded.
50. If after due warning a hospital ship persists in breaking a condition of its exemption, it renders itself liable to capture or other necessary measures to enforce compliance.
51. A hospital ship may only be attacked as a last resort if:
a) diversion or capture is not feasible;
b) no other method is available for exercising military control;
c) the circumstances of non-compliance are sufficiently grave that the hospital ship has become, or may be reasonably assumed to be, a military objective; and
d) the collateral casualties or damage will not be disproportionate to the military advantage gained or expected.
All other categories of vessels exempt from attack
52. If any other class of vessel exempt from attack breaches any of the conditions of its exemption in paragraph 48, it may be attacked only if:
a) diversion or capture is not feasible;
b) no other method is available for exercising military control;
c) the circumstances of non-compliance are sufficiently grave that the vessel has become, or may be reasonably assumed to be
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