special security institutions. In all cases detainees are first committed to closed institutions and later transferred to open institutions.
2. Fines (Chapter 25 of the Penal Code)
Fines are imposed either directly, in lump sums, or as day-fines. The day-fine penalty has two aspects: the number of day-fines, established in terms of the gravity of the offence, and the amount of the day-fine, based on the offender's average income.
3. Confiscation (Chapter 36 of the Penal Code)
Confiscation may be imposed in the case of gain obtained through an offence not entailing damage to a private individual, and of any object or payment given or received for the purpose of an offence, or of the value of any benefit thereby obtained.
Further any object used as the instrument of an offence or constituting the proceeds of such an offence may be declared confiscated, as may any object whose use constitutes an offence or by whose instrumentality an activity involving an offence has been performed. In lieu of such an object, its value may be declared confiscated.
Lastly, objects which, in view of their particular nature and of all the circumstances, seem likely to be used for criminal purposes may be confiscated.
A criminal conviction does not involve loss of civil rights.
It may entail loss of a government or municipal post, if the civil servant convicted has clearly shown through his offence that he is unfitted for his job. Similarly, the licence required for the practice of certain profesisons, such as the medical profession, may be withdrawn if the practioner has been sentenced for an offence of a certain gravity.
Withdrawal of driving licence is the commonest form of disqualification. The driving licence is usually withdrawn from persons guilty of drunken driving or of gross negligence on the road. It is withdrawn for an indeterminate period and may not be restored before the expiry of at least one year for drunken driving and two years for gross negligence. In certain exceptional cases the driving licence is restored after a shorter period.
Period covered: 26/7/1974 -
The preceding statement concerns Article(s): 63
Turkey:
Reservation contained in a letter from the Permanent Representative of Turkey, dated 27 October 1978, handed to the Secretary General at the time of deposit of the instrument of ratification, on the same day - Or. Fr.
In conformity with Article 61, paragraph 1, Turkey declares that it avails itself of the reservations (a) and (e) provided for in Appendix I of the Convention.
Period covered: 28/1/1979 -
The preceding statement concerns Article(s): 61
Declaration contained in a letter from the Permanent Representative of Turkey, dated 27 October 1978, handed to the Secretary General at the time of deposit of the instrument of ratification, on the same day - Or. Fr.
In conformity with Article 15, paragraph 3, the request for enforcement and the communications necessary for the application of the Convention shall be sent through diplomatic channels.
Period covered: 28/1/1979 -
The preceding statement concerns Article(s): 15
Declaration contained in a letter from the Permanent Representative of Turkey, dated 27 October 1978, handed to the Secretary General at the time of deposit of the instrument of ratification, on the same day - Or. Fr.
In conformity with Article 19, paragraph 2, Turkey declares that it reserves the right to require that requests and supporting documents be accompanied by a translation into Turkish.
Period covered: 28/1/1979 -
The preceding statement concerns Article(s): 19
Declaration contained in a letter from the Permanent Representative of Turkey, dated 27 October 1978, handed to the Secretary General at the time of deposit of the instrument
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