mitted. He questioned the applicant, who had alleged cruelty, and police officers O., T. and L., who had denied any violence, and decided that there was no ground to challenge the credibility of the latter's statements.
21. On 3 September 2001 an X-ray examination showed fractures of the applicant's tenth and eighth left ribs.
22. On 24 September 2001, during the criminal proceedings against the applicant, the Kostroma Regional Court requested the Kostroma Regional Prosecutor to verify the ill-treatment referred to by the applicant. The investigator then ordered an additional medical forensic expert examination.
23. On 15 October 2001 an additional medical forensic expert examination was conducted. It reported a bruise of 40 x 10 cm, which had been inflicted by blunt objects (it had appeared not earlier than two to three days before the applicant's examination of 18 May 2001); a fracture of the eighth rib (it had appeared not more than twelve weeks before the examination of 15 October 2001) and the tenth rib (it had appeared not more than sixteen weeks before the examination of 15 October 2001). The experts thus ruled out the above injuries occurring on 10 May 2001.
24. On 15 October 2001 investigator Ya. of the Kostroma Regional Prosecutor's Office refused to institute criminal proceedings against police officers O., N., L., P., B. and S.. In the course of his investigation, he has questioned the police officers, the applicant, and also the prosecutor who had opened the criminal proceedings against the applicant. The prosecutor confirmed that when he first saw the applicant after questioning on 10 May 2001 the latter could hardly move and had complained that he had been beaten by the policemen. The investigator however relied on the above expert examination to the effect that the injuries complained of could not have been inflicted on 10 May 2001.
25. The Government submitted that on 31 October 2001 the Manturovo District Court had found the decision of 15 October 2001 unlawful. A copy of this decision was not provided.
26. In a view of discrepancies between the experts' conclusions, on an unspecified day the Kostroma Regional Court ordered an additional comprehensive forensic medical examination to be conducted by the Kostroma Regional Bureau of Forensic Medical Examinations. This examination was conducted on 12 - 19 November 2001, and the relevant part of the report reads as follows:
"Given an integral assessment of the character and degree of intensity of bruises in their dynamics, coincidence of areas of bruises and rib fractures, as well as particularities of consolidation of rib fractures, the forensic medical experts conclude that the above injuries occurred within a limited period of time, most likely on 10 May 2001.
These injuries were caused by repeated impacts of a blunt firm object with a narrow surface...
These injuries cumulatively led to a lengthy impairment of health for more than three weeks, and consequently caused bodily harm of medium gravity..."
27. Between 10 and 18 December 2001 one of the experts who conducted the above examination, Mr A., was questioned by the court. He confirmed that experts had concluded that the most probable date of the applicant's injuries was 10 May 2001. With respect to results of the previous examination of 15 October 2001 he expressed an opinion that the expert assessed only rib fractures and had not made a global assessment of all injuries.
28. Given that the above examination had not fully dealt with all discrepancies concerning the applicant's injuries, on 18 December 2001 the court ordered the Russian Centre of Forensic Medical Examinations at the Ministry of Health to give a conclusion on the applicant's injuries on the basis of the case materials.
29. On 22 October 2002 the Centre presented their report, accordin
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