g to which the applicant had a chest trauma with fractures of the seventh, eighth and tenth ribs which could have occurred on 10 May 2001, the day of the applicant's arrest. These injuries were caused by "at least two to three impacts of a blunt firm object with a narrow surface, possibly blows with fists or kicks with a booted foot". The experts ruled out the injuries being the result of a fall.
30. On 22 May 2006 the Manturovo Town Court dismissed an appeal by the applicant against the Prosecutor's Office decision of 15 October 2001.
31. On 13 July 2006 the Kostroma Regional Court quashed this decision and remitted the case for a fresh examination.
32. On 25 July 2006 the Manturovo Town Court again dismissed an appeal by the applicant against the decision of 15 October 2001.
33. On 31 October 2006 the Manturovo Town Court allowed the applicant's complaint, recognised the decision of 15 October 2001 as ill-founded and obliged the Prosecutor's Office to rectify shortcomings.
34. On 6 June 2007 the investigator of the Manturovo District Prosecutor's Office quashed the decision of 15 October 2001 and instituted criminal proceedings on the basis of alleged ill-treatment of the applicant on 10 May 2001.
35. On 1 April 2008 the applicant lodged a claim with the Sverdlovskiy District Court of Kostroma against the Kostroma Region Police Department, seeking compensation for non-pecuniary damage caused by alleged ill-treatment. On 3 June 2008 the proceedings were suspended following court orders sent to the Manturovo and Yaroslavl Courts.
36. On 5 August 2008 the preliminary investigation of the alleged ill-treatment was suspended in accordance with Article 208 (1) § 1 of the Russian Code of Criminal Procedure (failure to identify the culprits).
II. Relevant domestic law
A. Civil law remedies against illegal acts
by public officials
37. Article 1064 § 1 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation provides that damage caused to a person shall be compensated in full by the tortfeasor. Pursuant to Article 1069, a State agency or a State official shall be liable to a citizen for damage caused by their unlawful actions or failure to act. Such damage is to be compensated at the expense of the federal or regional treasury. Articles 151 and 1099 - 1101 of the Civil Code provide for compensation for non-pecuniary damage. Article 1099 states, in particular, that non-pecuniary damage shall be compensated irrespective of any award for pecuniary damage.
B. Criminal law remedies against illegal acts
by public officials
1. Applicable criminal offences
38. Article 117 § 2 (f) of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation makes acts of torture punishable by up to seven years' imprisonment. Pursuant to Article 286 § 3 (a) and (в) the abuse of official power associated with the use of violence or entailing serious consequences carries a punishment of up to ten years' imprisonment.
2. Investigation of criminal offences
39. The Code of Criminal Procedure of the Russian Federation (Law No. 174-FZ of 18 December 2001, the CCrP), establishes that a criminal investigation may be initiated by an investigator or prosecutor upon the complaint of an individual or obtaining information about the offence committed from other sources (Articles 140 and 146). Within three days of receipt of such a complaint the investigator or prosecutor must carry out a preliminary inquiry and make one of the following decisions: (1) to open criminal proceedings if there are reasons to believe that a crime has been committed; (2) to refuse to open criminal proceedings if the inquiry reveals that there are no grounds to initiate a criminal investigation; or (3) to refer the complaint to the compet
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